Horse Care For Beginners

The bit truly is the key to the horse.

The relationship between horse and rider can be complex and many riders jump too quickly to conclusions regarding their riding problems . Horses are personalities in their own right and how you successfully control them, whether in horse racing, show jumping or just a sunday afternoon ride is not just about the bit. It is how you, your horse and the bit work together. Don’t forget it might be you that is the problem and not the horse. In this article we will investigate the ins and outs of what different horse bits bring to this relationship, plus how you and the horse need to work in synergy .

When considering the partnership between the rider and the horse the bit is fundamental for success , and finding the right bit for the job can be a challenge and often achieved more through luck than judgement .

By associating specific behaviour traits in the horse with features available in the variety of horse bits , you can become more sure about the bit you choose. However perfectly categorising horse bits and their specific function is difficult.  Many of the features of horse bits are often mixed together to form new varieties, however for our purposes in this article we will create some broad definitions that will form the basis of future discussion.

What follows is a brief overview of horse bit types.

Snaffles are known as direct pressure bits. When the rider pulls back on the rein, the same amount of force is transmitted directly to the horse bit . This style of bit is particularly effective when training a new horse but it can be used at anytime.

abitspecialCurbs bits are leverage bits . The physical construction of the bit is designed to generate leverage and multiplies the pressure applied by the rider . The longer the bit shank or cheek length the more force will be transferred. Compared to Snaffles, Curb bits are more severe so are  best used in the hands of a more experienced rider who has developed a more sensitive touch.

Combos .  The snaffle and curb effect can be found in one bit with some bits such as Pelhams and Gags.

To complement these basic principles of horse control there are a wide variety of bit attributes giving great flexibility to the knowledgeable rider looking to address particular issues with their horse.  As an example the swales 3-in-1 bit offers a number of combinations of features.  The swales is popular with riders with strong horses.  This controlling force is applied through a curbing action and can be varied by choosing a specific shank length.

A choice of materials for bits.

You can also choose different materials for the bit. For example copper offers an effect that encourages the horse to salivate and may help your horse be more responsive to the bits action. On the other hand a rubber bit is a gentler bit and often a good idea for the younger horse as they are learning to correctly respond to the will of the rider and the action of the bit.

A stronger bit might subsequently be necessary if the rubber bit is losing its effect such as when the horse gets bigger or more canny.  Having said that when the horse works well with the soft bit do not feel obliged to change as the horse gets older. If it works leave it be unless you are a professional looking to gain a specific competitive advantage .

Modifying port height in the bit is another option you might consider. The height of the port can allow more room for the tongue but can cause more pressure on the horse’s palate when the reins are pulled e.g. High Port Pelham. Be sure to carefully evaluate your requirements and speak to a professional if in doubt .

To summarise, you can physically control your horse with direct or indirect force. Also the bit can be modified to provide more or less force depending on the horse.  The behaviour of the horse when on the bit can be mitigated by adjustments to the mouth piece form and even what it is made from e.g. copper or rubber.

In the next article we’ll look at some typical horse and rider problems that can be addressed by exploiting different bit forms.  Your horse deserves love and respect so never simply apply general rules here in a narrow minded way .  Your horse cannot talk but he is definitely trying to help you solve your problem.

Suggested reading:  The Complete Book of Bits & Bitting by Elwyn Hartley Edwards